英语some和any的用法分析
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英语some和any的用法分析
(1)两者修饰可数单数名词时，表“某一个;任何一个”; 修饰可数复数名词和不可数名词时，表“一些;有些”。
(2)一般的用法：some用于肯定句;any用于疑问句，否定句或条件句。
I am looking for some matches.
Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.
(3)特殊的用法：
(A) 在期望对方肯定的回答时，问句也用some。
Will you lend1 me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)
(B) any表任何或任何一个时，也可用于肯定句。
Come any day you like.
(4)some和any后没有名词时，当做代名词， 此外两者也可做副词。
Some of them are my students.〔代名词)
Is your mother any better?(副词)
扩展：有关各类数字的表达一览
(1) 基数(Cardinal numerals)：one, two, three...
(A) 除one接单数名词外，其余均接复数名词。
He has one sister and three brothers.
(B) hundred的后面须加and(但可以省略)。
12,345 = twelve thousand three hundred (and) forty five;
(2) 序数(Ordinal mumerals)：first, second, third...
(A) 序数前面必须附以定冠词。而a second, a third等，则是another的意思。
(B) 日期多用序数。
It’s on Friday, the fifth2 of October (= October the fifth = October 15th).
(C) 序数的简体。
9th = the ninth3; 12th = the twelfth4; 16th = the sixteenth;
(3) 分数：
(A) 分数的表示法：第一，分子用基数，分母用序数。第二，分子大于2时，分母须加“s”以形成复数。
1/2 = a (one) half; 1/3 = a (one) third; 2/3 = two-thirds; 1/4 = a (one) quarter;
(B) 分数可接与不可数名词;所接的名词是单数，则与单数动词连用，是复数则与复数动词连用。
A third of the peach was5 bad.
A third of the bananas were bad.
(4) 倍数词：常用的有half, double6, treble(三倍)等。
(A) half a, a half, half the +名词，表(一半的)。
He ran7 a half mile8 in half an hour.
He ran half a mile in half an hour.
I have read half the book.
(B) half还可作名词，代名词及副词。
Two halves make a whole9. (名词)
This is half as1 much again as that. (副词)
(C) 倍数常用的表达法：
(half; double; treble; twice10; two times; three times; four times...) +定冠词或所有形容词+名词或所有代名词
I had11 to pay12 double (= twice) the usual13 fare14.
That window is three times the size15 of this.
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